4) Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been appointed as an optimal solution due to their high light intensity and low heat dissipation, but unfortunately their price is still prohibitive in some cases (Su et al., 2014). Finally, the design of flow reactors is discussed to help newcomers contribute to the current and future developments in the field. The development of the field is discussed, concluding with the most recent examples on automated polymer synthesis, reactor telescoping and nanoparticle synthesis. In this review we give a comprehensive overview of polymer reactions being carried out in continuous flow reactors to date. The advantages of applying flow chemistry principles for polymer reactions include increased reproducibility and synthetic precision, significant increases in reaction performances for photochemical reactions, the ability to couple reactors to create complex materials in a single reactor pass, as well as the unique combination of online monitoring and machine learning. A wide variety of polymer reactions have been performed in a continuous fashion on small and intermediate scales. Yet, within the last decade, the field has moved from the rare occurrence of flow reactors to their abundant use today. Accompanied by inline process monitoring, the reactor platform sets an ideal basis for mechanistic studies and process intensification.Ī variation of polymerizations has long been performed in continuous flow reactors on industrial scale comparatively, on smaller scales, continuous polymerization methods have only gained significant attention in recent years. Under standardized conditions, photochemical reactions are enabled in either single‐, multi‐batch or continuous flow mode while preserving the characterized irradiation geometry. A multi‐purpose reactor platform for the application in the field of photochemistry has been developed. Uniting the strengths of the photoreactor platform with an in‐situ monitoring approach permitted reliable kinetic and mechanistic studies. The versatility of the reactor platform has been tested on a variety of benchmark reactions under batch, multi‐batch and continuous flow conditions. Interchangeable irradiation units and reactor functionalities reduce the necessary equipment for running photochemical reactions to a minimum. Considering the diverse requirements for photochemical reactions, we have developed a multi‐purpose reactor platform that aims for an equally efficient implementation of photochemical reactions under batch and continuous flow conditions. I use a syringe to measure out the PhotoFlow after calculating the quantity needed.Reactor technology plays a vital role in photochemistry since process efficiency and reproducibility largely depend on the used reactor design. Whichever way it's done, tank or tray, the 200:1 ratio for different film sizes, still needs to be pretty accurate. I sometimes do it that way, and sometimes pour it into the tank without the top on and agitate for a minute using the twiddle stick. You can of course mix just one quantity for a tray and slide the film through it. Another requirement I've found is that's fairly important is to calculate accurately the 200:1 for all the different quantities for different size films.
![photoflow relight module photoflow relight module](https://live.staticflickr.com/3955/15433908867_d12c47004b_b.jpg)
It can be more economical that way if you have more than one film to develop, that is if you're doing the films one at a time. A 200:1 mixture is supposed to be "one-shot", used once then discarded, but I've used the same mixture twice for two nights running and then discarded it. For water I use is demineralized water I buy at the local car accessory/parts shop, it's battery water, batteries hate minerals and contaminates. Water marks could be from a mixer that's too weak, or drying the film too quickly. Is there an "expired" date on the bottle ? Mine has "Exp: 2016/18" but it's still working ok.